When analyzing climate data or any other geospatial data on a Jupyter Notebook, we need to plot points, lines and polygons interactively. Based on our own way to learn Python, most probably we will use a library that we found on Google or Stackoverflow however there are some undercover issues on the library selection that we will discuss in this article.
Read MoreGeopandas is an amazing library for spatial analysis since in combines the spatial tools from Shapely and Fiona with the versatily of Pandas Dataframes. We are aware that most geoscientists, water resources specialists and related professionals work on Windows, therefore we are always in the search of new ways to get Python working with all its geospatial capabilities in every computer. We have created a tutorial that shows the installation process of Geopandas and other Python geospatial libraries in Windows by the use of a Conda environment.
Read MoreOn the development of hydrological evaluations, there is a need to assess which weather stations will be used for the numerical modeling stage. The main acceptance criteria would be the amount of climate variables and records available however huge areas could have docens or hundreds of stations delivered in one text file. This tutorial shows the procedure to plot climate variable records from a single text file on a polar plot with aperture angle related to value statistics. The tutorial is done with standar Python packages as Matplotlib, Numpy and Pandas.
Read MoreIn order to understand the relationship between groundwater flow and slope stability, a study area over a hotspot in the US. Landslide Inventory was selected. The geology, groundwater wells, elevation, and climate conditions were reviewed to develop a hydrogeological conceptual model that will be the basis for a numerical model of the groundwater flow regime. This webinar deals with the review of available spatial data related to the groundwater flow regime on a hillslope area at Mukilteo city, Washington, US. Information from geology, meteorology, observation data and boundary conditions will be discussed in a QGIS session with regards to the construction of a groundwater numerical model in MODFLOW.
Read MoreOpen lithology datasets are scarce and most times they come in certain exchange formats that can´t be easily coupled with other softwares. Python has the tools to read and extract data from those files and provide them in more friendly formats as csv or xlsx. With the use of spatial libraries as Fiona or 3D visualization libraries as Pyvistas we can go one step further and process our data as shapefiles or vtks.
Read MoreFor geologists, hydrogeologists, geostatistics, petroleum engineers, and other related professionals the choice for 3D geological modeling software was related to expensive and restrictive software that was in fact a “de facto” choice in several companies and institutions.
Although it is a choice of any company or professional to select the software anyone will use to model the geological units, a great gap subsides (using a geological term) on the use of this expensive software. If the software is expensive, how expensive will it be to get trained on this software? If few people have skills with certain software, how easy would it be to change to another software? How people can assess the quality of one software if they have no full capability on managing several softwares. As you have seen, restrictions on the licenses lead to these subsiding gaps, faults on quality, and an intrusion of professional ignorance.
Read MoreEducation is aimed to acquire knowledge and it's based on the learning process and as any process has some steps and means that have to be analyzed. Traditionally, if you want to get knowledge you can go to a university, get a degree, visit a library, but why don’t you just check a Youtube channel; will you get the same knowledge? Will you do better research with what you learned on video? Those are excellent questions to pose in these times where we need knowledge that shapes our future in the context of climate change.
Read MoreDeveloping a hydrogeological research project that considers groundwater modeling for a bachelor thesis or a master thesis requires you to take into consideration several topics, such as input data, hydrogeological knowledge and time to learn the software in order to provide a numerical simulation that reaches the objectives of your research project.
Learning a software for groundwater modeling should be easy as developing some tutorials and playing around with your own data; however it is not that easy since it involves the review of lots of documentation, have strong knowledge in hydrogeology and numerical modeling and deal with uncertainties and numerical unconvergences.
Read MoreEvaluation of hydrological processes as evapotranspiration, runoff, routing and infiltration require data as precipitation, flow, temperature and radiation on a daily basis. Required data for hydrological modeling need to be accurate and must be completed over the study period. It is common that historical data from hydrological stations are incomplete and has many gaps that can be filled by the use of machine learning algorithms like Scikit-Learn in Python3. This tutorial shows a applied procedure to run a complete script for the filling of missing precipitation in one station by the use of data from 2 nearby stations. The script will be run on Python 3.9 on a Anaconda Prompt environment.
Read MoreUntil now we had limited options to provide specific support in groundwater modeling. We know that modeling requires the review of extensive documentation and practical work with the software and sometimes or most times we don't have the time to sort things out.
Read MoreWe usually received some emails and messages regarding basic or reference books and publications in Hydrogeology and we didn't have any reference of free and high quality material until we knew about the Groundwater Project. It´s true that we found the project website some months ago, but it was at the latest IAH conference where we had a presentation with a complete overview of the program.
Read MoreMODFLOW 6 implements the Buoyancy package for the simulation of variable density and seawater intrusion cases. The tools are implemented in the Python package Flopy, however the workflow has changed substantially from the previous models of flow and transport. We have developed an applied case seawater intrusion model on a regular geometry model constructed with Model Muse for flow and Flopy for transport.
Read MoreThis is a problem that every hydrogeologist - numerical modeler has faced many times over his/her professional career independently from the theoretical background and skills with the code, graphical user interface or Python library.
We don’t know why groundwater “flows” and a contaminant plume “migrates” when both move on the aquifer system. After you construct you model geometry, setup the flow boundary condition, specify your transport package, define your contaminant sources, run your MODFLOW flow model and then run your MT3D model (or even your MT3DMS model) you will find that there is no plume, none, nada, nichts.
Read MoreA special concern arises from the gap between the stage of development of open source groundwater software and the actual capabilities of the common groundwater modelers (we mean, the main group of modelers). Even though we are passionate about software we don’t find the time or the right momentum to have a real experience with those codes.
From our research, we have listed the top open source groundwater software with a brief summary of the capabilities and useful links. We have to mention that there are some packages that can simulate groundwater flow in software like OpenFoam; however, those variants are not listed here.
Read MoreRepresentation of geospatial objects in 2D are well covered by the GIS software and standards where we have powerful tools and interchangeable spatial files, however when we work on 3D objects the universe of software and tools is like a jungle with a wide variety of issues. We will always consider 3D as the ultimate representation of an object using a computer, by sure the holograms and augmented reality can improve the way we interact with a object geometry, but since we are not in the common near future we will give much effort to the representation of these objects in our computer screens, tables and cellphones.
Read MoreRaster reprojection is a common task on GIS analysis however to do it with only Python commands has some challenges. We have done an applied example of raster reprojection for single and multiple rasters from WGS 84 UTM to WGS 84 Geographic. The codes work on monoband and multiband rasters and can reproject from to any projection by specifiyin it EPSG code.
The tutorial is done on a conda enviroment that has the geospatial libraries installed. You can set up the environment by following this tutorial:
https://hatarilabs.com/ih-en/how-to-install-python-geospatial-libraries-gdal-fiona-rasterio-etc-under-a-conda-env-in-windows
Read MoreLet's have a look at the tutorial concept in its real dimension. A tutorial is a period of instruction that provides practical information about a specific topic. The tutorial can be given by an individual or institution and has a goal to teach you something or master you in something you didn't know before.
However in water resources software, we don’t see the tutorial as a part of the documentation or a key part of the learning experience. The tutorial is in fact an essential part needed to understand the whole capabilities of the software in practical exercises. It´s true that most software delivery exercises of different applied cases, but we can’t say they are tutorial in fact because those exercises lack a perspective of guided work.
Read MoreEffective stress theory was developed by Terzaghi in the 1920s. Based on our modeling experience we wanted to calculate the effective stress based on the results from a MODFLOW groundwater model. Finally, after 6 years from the first thought about it we came with a full deduction of the effective stress calculation based on the model geometry and an applied example for the effective stress calculation on a hillslope groundwater flow model.
The example model was developed in Modflow-Nwt and Model Muse, whereas the effective stress determination was done with scripts in Python and Hataripy (our fork of Flopy). The scripts can also generate 3D objects as VTK files of the model results, geometry and stresses that can be visualized in Paraview.
Read MoreWe are not a talent agency, we are not even a job portal;however, as other topics on this blog, we post based on requests from our followers. We don’t want to conceptualize the definition of a job or a career, but let’s have a common agreement that a successful career in geosciences is an occupation that provides a level of satisfaction, covers some basic necessities and keeps you motivated to know more.
If your idea of success is to manage a big group of people, we might suggest you evaluate the construction or the retail industry; if you want approval and being recognized for your work you can start your own blog or become a Youtuber.
Read MoreBased on our experience in online learning for water resources based on open source that dates way before the Covid pandemia, we have seen some limitations of elearning as a framework to teach software for water resources.
Even though we can conceptualize elearning as something new, it is in fact a poor performance copy of the classroom environment on the computer. We simulate the whiteboard (we prefer chalkboard, less allergic), the teacher, the interventions, the assignments, the exams and everything else that is related to the normal classroom, even breaks and graduations. But this “Second Life” version of education has its limitations that have to be well assessed in order to define strategies to achieve the objective of education: bring new and better capabilities to water resources professionals.
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