Python can communicate with other softwares through standards in Windows (COMs) and thus provides a higher level of interoperability for river flow models made in HEC-RAS. The amount of tools provided by HEC-RAS through the COM is huge; in this tutorial we will cover some examples of HEC-RAS model interaction for two applied cases from Python scripts in Jupyter Lab.
Read MoreThis is an applied case were we build a geological model only with lithology information stored as a point shapefile. The tutorial covers all steps from raster (array) generation for all surfaces together with the orientation sampling and format of surfaces/orientations as Gempy input files. The generated data was inserted in the Aquifer App that implements an interface to create Gempy models. Finally the lithology and layer surface geometry was exported as Vtk to be represented on Paraview with the initial data to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation.
Read MoreNetCDF has become a popular choice for storing and delivering precipitation and water resources related data. Its capacities to store multiple geospatial raster layers over time allow another level of abstraction on data analysis, however the format is of limited use on normal desktop applications and most times we are required to use a programming language such as Python or R.
Read MoreGeopandas is one of the most advanced geospatial libraries in Python because it combines the spatial tools of Shapely, it can create and read different OGC vector spatial data, it can couple the Pandas tools to manage, filter, and make operations over the columns of the metadata, it has the capability to plot geospatial data on Matplotlib and even to Folium among other features. We have developed a tutorial of Geopandas applied to the analysis of flooded areas over the Boise city for a return period of 200 years; the tutorial covers introductory concepts of Geopandas, it will work with point, line and polygon vector data, create plots, simplify vertices and perform geospatial queries over inundated facilities and highways.
Read MoreModeling flow on open channels and simulating water mixing to evaluate the final concentrations and mixing area was a hard task with conventional open source software. Based on our research and app development we came up with a process to model flow of water and effluent mixing and then calculate the mass flux with the initial concentration of certain chemical components to have a fully 3d simulation of the concentration development with time and distance from source.
Read MoreWe dont call this article a tutorial since not all steps of the sensor settings would be explained. It might be the idea of this article to show the general panorama of the sensor installation on a Raspberry Pi under the Istsos framework that implements the SOS standard.
Read MoreIn the semantic space the forbidden word is related to refuse to allow, and thus can create a controversy with the freedom of hydrogeologist / numerical modelers to choose whichever tool that can make the work done or the simulation run. However we as specialists in one part of the dynamics of the subsurface are conscious that solutions can not and must not be evaluated by single criteria.
Read MoreClimate changes, people change and land also changes with time. We can`t believe that the river networks will remain the same over the next 1000 years or that mountains and depressions will have the same elevation in the next 10000 years. But changes are not related to huge time frames, they can occur in decades or years at lower rates as well. In order to evaluate those changes we need some formulation of the key components of land evolution: fluvial, hillslope and uplift. We have developed a tutorial with Python and the Landlab library to simulate the land evolution at basin scale for 100 thousand years; inputs come from geospatial rasters and output data is exported as Ascii raster files.
Read MoreFor geologists, hydrogeologists, geostatistics, petroleum engineers, and other related professionals the choice for 3D geological modeling software was related to expensive and restrictive software that was in fact a “de facto” choice in several companies and institutions.
Although it is a choice of any company or professional to select the software anyone will use to model the geological units, a great gap subsides (using a geological term) on the use of this expensive software. If the software is expensive, how expensive will it be to get trained on this software? If few people have skills with certain software, how easy would it be to change to another software? How people can assess the quality of one software if they have no full capability on managing several softwares. As you have seen, restrictions on the licenses lead to these subsiding gaps, faults on quality, and an intrusion of professional ignorance.
Read MoreRepresentation of geospatial objects in 2D are well covered by the GIS software and standards where we have powerful tools and interchangeable spatial files, however when we work on 3D objects the universe of software and tools is like a jungle with a wide variety of issues. We will always consider 3D as the ultimate representation of an object using a computer, by sure the holograms and augmented reality can improve the way we interact with a object geometry, but since we are not in the common near future we will give much effort to the representation of these objects in our computer screens, tables and cellphones.
Read MoreBased on our experience in online learning for water resources based on open source that dates way before the Covid pandemia, we have seen some limitations of elearning as a framework to teach software for water resources.
Even though we can conceptualize elearning as something new, it is in fact a poor performance copy of the classroom environment on the computer. We simulate the whiteboard (we prefer chalkboard, less allergic), the teacher, the interventions, the assignments, the exams and everything else that is related to the normal classroom, even breaks and graduations. But this “Second Life” version of education has its limitations that have to be well assessed in order to define strategies to achieve the objective of education: bring new and better capabilities to water resources professionals.
Read MoreModflow 6 has a new approach in setting up observation points and it's essentially different to the previous versions. The OBS6 package works not only with heads and drawdowns but also with flows, so it's also possible to calibrate the model against baseflow or any other recorded flow from a boundary condition directly. We have created an applied case of the implementation of piezometers in a hillslope groundwater flow model in Modflow 6 and Model Muse. The tutorial covers all the steps related to the implementation of the observed points in Model Muse as well as the comparison among simulated and observed heads through scripts in Flopy.
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The normal method to install Postgresql and Postgis requires the set up of several binaries and the workflow is usually on graphical user interfaces (GUI). We wanted to come with a way to install Postgresql and Postgis in Windows 10 while keeping the shell experience from Linux. This tutorial shows the procedure to install the database inside a Debian application (it could be Ubuntu as well) in Windows 10 that can actually be accessible from QGIS.
The normal method to install Postgresql and Postgis requires the set up of several binaries and the workflow is usually on graphical user interfaces (GUI). We wanted to come with a way to install Postgresql and Postgis in Windows 10 while keeping the shell experience from Linux. This tutorial shows the procedure to install the database inside a Debian application (it could be Ubuntu as well) in Windows 10 that can actually be accessible from QGIS.
Read MoreThe topic of open source software and environmental assessments has some interesting associations. For example, if an investment project delivers a groundwater model in Xflow software, the environmental evaluator needs an Xflow license in order to open the model, review the simulations, and report on their observations. But what about civil society? or the communities that have an interest in knowing how the model is built or in the results of the predictive simulations, do these people also need an Xflow license? And what happens if another regulator wants to review the model, can they do so or they can only ask for a technical opinion?
Read MoreAs a peruvian slang the word “chicha” means mixture, but a mixture of a high level of heterogeneity, something like doing a pizza with all the ingredients from your refrigerator. This time we have developed a tutorial with this “chicha” spirit since it combines a database, sql language, a virtualization engine, Python, a variant of SQL Alchemy, port forwarding and connection to QGIS in Windows. Certainly, we are not code developers by nature, but we are pretty happy to have achieved this level of complexity or mixture.
We have developed an applied tutorial for the implementation of a Postgresql database with Postgis enabled on a Docker image. Information about groundwater well locations have been inserted from a CSV file with Python and Geoalchemy and Docker ports have been forwarded and open to be accessible from QGIS in Windows.
Read MoreQGIS has a wide range of options for the representation of vector data (point, line and polygon) but specific workflows have to be established to apply QGIS in different fields such as Geology. We found that there were few resources about how to plot geological features as bedding planes, faults, synclines and other and we have decided to do a series of tutorials showing those procedures on applied examples.
This time, we have developed a tutorial with the complete procedure to plot the azimuth and dip of bedding planes with QGIS. The tutorial imports a SVG marker that rotates according to a field value while the dip is presented as a label.
Read MoreAnother tutorial done under the concept of “geospatial python”. The tutorial shows the procedure to run a Scipy interpolation over a Pandas dataframe of point related data having a 2D Numpy array as an output. With some procedures of Rasterio the Numpy array was transformed into a monoband geospatial Tiff raster.
Read MoreWe have done a tutorial on a low-level-complexity model with rivers, lakes, recharge and regional groundwater flow done in Model Muse in a previous tutorial. The model was imported as an object in Python with Flopy. A sensibility analysis was done with SALib to assess the response for the object model groundwater flow to a different sample of parameters and a resulting set of parameters and corresponding heads (parameters -> heads) were recorded. Then a machine learning regression was performed with Scikit-Learn with the inverse set (heads->parameters) to get the predicted parameters for the observed data. Different error measurements were performed for two model cases to assess the overall quality of the neural network regressor.
Read MoreThere are some shining moments in live where a normal hydrogeologist decide to develop open source software for groundwater modeling and for every great task everyone needs an strategy.
You might need a plan to develop your hydrogeological career but you will certainly need an strategy to develop groundwater modeling software. We have to see a strategy as the optimization of steps towards a goal, from great strategists as Hannibal Barca against the Roman empire, we need to see the whole picture and then decide the best steps to take with the resource available.
Read MoreA great question came when we deal with numerical modeling in modern times or in the last 5 years, and that question is how much programming skills should a hydrogeologist - numerical modeler have? This question is above this one: Should a hydrogeologist - numerical modeler need to program in any language?
As a part of an socratic method attempt to answer this, we will split the question into some subquestions.
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