How to make an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) using only Open Source software?

The study of the environment, the understanding of the water cycle / atmospheric processes and the interaction with the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems need advanced analysis tools. It is important to understand how the environment works and the potential impacts of our actions in the future. This goes further than a regulatory approach, we need a constant search and evolution of codes and models and this is where open source software has important advantages.

This article shows the most important open source software that can be used to make the different sections of an EIA.

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5 QGIS plugins you should know about

5 QGIS plugins you should know about

QGIS development in the past years has been impressive for an open source software. The current version is 2.18 Las Palmas. Each version is better than the previous one when it comes to functionalities, amount of tools, and bug fixing. In my opinion, for an intermediate QGIS user, the amount of new tools are bigger than the ability to learn them. Being up to date with the latest QGIS characteristics requires quite some time.

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How to plot a terrain profile using QGIS - VIDEO

The following video is a useful tutorial that shows you how to plot terrain profiles using QGIS. In this example, we used two raster files: (1) one representing the elevation of the water table and (2) another representing the elevation of the terrain.

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10 reasons to stop using ArcGIS (and start using QGIS)

The spatial analysis world is dominated by two software: ArcGIS and QGIS. Both have been available for years and have a strong fanbase. The use of each one of these software generates a duality or polarization of the preferences and opinions about Geographic Information Systems tools (GIS). This article is not about showing the advantages of deficiencies of any of them, but to show the reasons why QGIS is a good option.

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Top 12 Best Open Source Software in Water Resources

We have looked for different water resources free software, checked their documentation and analyzed their advantages and deficiencies to get this top 12.

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Geochemical Simulation Tutorial of Water Mixing with Phreeqc

This example demonstrates the capabilities of PHREEQC to perform a series of geochemical simulations, with the final simulations relying on results from previous simulations within the same run. The example investigates diagenetic reactions that may occur in zones where seawater mixes with carbonate ground water. This example is take from the Phreeqc documentation that can be found here:

https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc/html/final-72.html

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Hydrological Modeling at Basin Scale with HEC HMS Tutorial

This tutorial is about the hydrological modeling at basin scale using different hydrological process as:

  • Evapotranspiration
  • Baseflow
  • Interception
  • Surface accumulation

The tutorial uses the Soil Moisture Accounting method and compares the results with observed flow measurement on the basin.

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How to Pythonify (modify and run with Python) a Pumping Test Model in MODFLOW

Working with graphical user interfases (GUIs) can be slow when one wants to do a severe trial-error runs on a groundwater flow model. Pumping test intepretation requires a lot of attemps in order to calibrate the steady and transient parameters as hydraulic conductivity, vertical anisotropy, specific storage and specific yield. 

This tutorial show a procedure to generate the modflow files and run them by scripts in Python. The process allows to setup a generic model for a pumping test interpretation where the pumping rates, and observed head can come in separate files or arrays.

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Solubility and Thermodynamic Stability of Gypsum and Anhydrite with Water with Phreeqc

PHREEQC version 3 is a computer program written in the C and C++ programming languages that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions.

This tutorial shows how to calculate the solubility and relative thermodynamic stability of two minerals, gypsum and anhydrit as a function of temperature at 1 atm.

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Simulation of Radial Drains for Tailings Drainage with MODFLOW Tutorial

MODFLOW is a versatil and applied computer code written in Fortran capable of modeling groundwater flow on steady and transient conditions. MODFLOW can simulate a diverse sort of groundwater flow management cases due to its packages and solvers. This tutorial shows the application of MODFLOW for the simulation of radial drains in a mine tailings facility. The simulation considers 16 drains of 60 m length over a simulation period of 1000 days.

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Aqueous species in water speciation calculation with Phreeqc tutorial

This example calculates the distribution of aqueous species in seawater and the saturation state of seawater relative to a set of minerals. To demonstrate how to expand the model to new elements, uranium is added to the aqueous model defined by phreeqc.dat.

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How to install Phreeqc on Notepad++

PHREEQC version 3 is a computer program written in the C and C++ programming languages that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions.

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Key concepts to become a numerical modeler

Nowadays, water resources management requires a better understanding of nature and a superior evaluation of the impacts caused by humans. We are concerned and focused on sustainability because we live on a planet with limited resources and changing environments. In some way, we know that the actual changes are results from past and present actions along with the effect of nature cycles.

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Simulation Tutorial of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation at Wetlands with MODFLOW-MT3DMS

If we want to talk about concentrations, solutes and contaminant transport in groundwater, we need to mention the Source/Sink concepts and natural concentrations in groundwater. Sources represent solute mass entering the system, which could be representing spills or natural lixiviation processes. Sinks are the zones where water with solute concentrations leave the system.

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Regional precipitation analysis with Python

We want to analyze average annual precipitation data on a regional scale for the North of Peru. The dataset has 20 stations from the Peruvian desert coast, Andes and rainforest with differences in elevation and precipitation rates.

The main objective is to analyze precipitation patterns and trends by plotting them in different ways using Python.

For this task we use IPython Notebook, which you can install on your own computer or run it on the cloud from wakari.io. You can download the station data for this exercise here

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Tailing and waste dump seepage evaluation and remediation

Current and historical mining activities have a seepage and waste-dumps legacy that are the concern for mining companies, population and regulatory authorities.

Old waste-dumps have not been regulated and most of the old tailings have been deposited in soils without covering. Tailing deposits and waste-dumps should be analyzed in a particular way because of the ground, instalation details, mineralized body geology, mined type, weather and other parameters.

Recent mining activities count with major engineering in waste-dumps and tailing deposit instalations, as well as better monitoring evaluation seepage. However, there is still a seepage risk coming from old and new waste-dumps and their transport constituties a potential environmental issue.

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Questions on MODFLOW with Model Muse

Some questions from a follower:

Thanks for agreeing to help. I developed a simple mode just to check if it works. But I get this error (attached). There are NO streams in my study area so do I still need to give my model a input for drainage package? I wanted to go around it but I could not proceed, therefore I created streams as drainage lines from DEM.

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Design and implementation of groundwater monitoring systems

A monitoring network is a system where the level and quality records that the groundwater describes are generated, become available and are evaluated. These records are consistent, representative and long lasting.

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Environmental flow determination by hidrological modeling

The world water legislation has a common challenge: distribute fresh water resources in a fair, efficient and sustainable way. Traditionally, agriculture, industry, mining and municipalities have competed for these limited resources.

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Climate change impact on watershed response

Mathematical models of global climate can reproduce many aspects of the physical climate system. General Circulation Models (GCMs) simulate physical processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and on land surface. Predictive scenarios on climate change will be applied to selected GCM models and their output will be used on the PRMS hydrologic simulations.

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